A recent finding by researchers at UBC’s faculty of medicine and the BC Cancer Research Institute (BCCRI) may offer a new treatment possibility for people diagnosed with a rare and aggressive form of ovarian cancer.
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a devastating cancer that has no effective treatments and is usually diagnosed in women in their 20s. The study, published in Clinical Cancer Research, describes a metabolic vulnerability present in cells that may represent a therapeutic target if proven in clinical trials.
“Finding this vulnerability and identifying a way to exploit it could have a huge impact for anyone diagnosed with this rare disease,” said the study’s first author Jennifer Ji, an MD/PhD candidate at UBC’s faculty of medicine and BCCRI trainee.
The discovery is welcome news to Justin Mattioli, whose 34-year-old wife Eileen passed away from SCCOHT in the spring of 2019. Prior to her passing, Eileen made the decision to donate her tissue samples to help advance cancer research in the hopes of finding new treatments for others facing the disease.
“We would hate to see someone else go through what Eileen did,” said Justin. “And there is a good possibility that this may help advance further research into other types of cancers as well.”
Eileen’s samples are being used as a new cell model, enabling researchers to test the effects of new treatments and to better understand the biology of the disease.
The team found that SCCOHT cancer cells have very low levels of an enzyme necessary for the production of arginine, an amino acid needed to help our cells build protein.
Non-cancerous cells have this enzyme and can produce their own arginine, but tumours without it cannot produce this amino acid themselves, meaning they need to be in an arginine-rich environment to survive.
Dr. David Huntsman
Using a small molecule agent, the team has found a way to eliminate arginine in the tumour environment, essentially starving the cancer to death while having minimal effect on normal cells.
“This agent basically absorbs all of the arginine within the tumour environment so cells can’t produce it themselves, thus starving the tumor,” said research team lead Dr. David Huntsman, a professor in the departments of pathology and laboratory medicine and obstetrics and gynaecology at UBC and a pathologist and ovarian cancer researcher at BC Cancer. “As such vulnerability has been also discovered in several other cancer types, we are now looking to partner with other research organizations who are evaluating these treatment options in patients whose cancer lacks the expression of this particular enzyme.”
So far, researchers have validated this treatment in pre-clinical studies. They are now exploring combination therapy, with the use of Eileen’s samples, in an effort to boost the response and avoid potential resistance. In addition, they want to test their findings in clinical trials.
“This research is another step to better understanding a very aggressive form of ovarian cancer and providing better treatment outcomes for women diagnosed with this disease,” said Huntsman.
The study was funded by the Terry Fox Research Institute, the BC Cancer Foundation, the VGH & UBC Hospital Foundation and a number of other funding partners.
This article was published by UBC Faculty of Medicine.